Movement disorders: how to spot them and what to do next

Stiffness, tremors, sudden jerks or slowed movement — these are all signs of movement disorders. They can start slowly and be easy to ignore, but catching them early usually makes treatment simpler and safer. This page gives clear, practical steps you can use right now: what to watch for, how to track symptoms, basic treatment options, and when to see a specialist.

Recognize the signs

Not every odd movement is a disorder. Still, check a doctor if you notice any of these that interfere with daily life:

- Tremor: shaking that happens at rest or with action.

- Bradykinesia: movements get slower or smaller (harder to button shirts, write).

- Rigidity: stiffness or a limited range of motion in limbs or neck.

- Dystonia: muscles contract unexpectedly, causing twisted postures or abnormal positions.

- Chorea or athetosis: sudden, jerky or writhing motions you can't control.

- Tics: brief, repetitive movements or sounds that feel uncontrollable.

If movements come on quickly, are severe, or follow a new medication, get urgent medical attention.

Practical steps and treatments

First, document what you see. Record short videos on your phone, note when it started, what makes it better or worse, and list current medicines. Many movement problems are caused or worsened by drugs, so bring your medication list to the appointment.

Common treatments you may hear about:

- Medication: For Parkinson-like symptoms, levodopa is often used. Dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, anticholinergics and muscle relaxants can help depending on the condition. Your doctor will balance benefits and side effects.

- Botulinum toxin: Injections are very effective for focal dystonia (neck, eyelids, voice) and some tremors.

- Physical therapy and occupational therapy: These help with balance, walking, daily tasks, and may reduce falls.

- Deep brain stimulation (DBS): A surgical option for some people with severe tremor or Parkinson's who don't respond well to meds.

Safety tips: remove trip hazards, use grab bars, avoid walking alone if balance is poor, and review all prescriptions and OTC drugs with your doctor or pharmacist for interactions.

When to see a specialist: Ask your primary care doctor for a neurology referral if symptoms persist, worsen, or limit activities. A movement disorder specialist has extra training and can offer advanced tests and treatments.

Questions to bring to your visit: When did symptoms start? Could a medication cause this? What tests do you recommend? What are the treatment goals and side effects? How will we measure progress?

You're not alone: many people live well with movement disorders when they get the right care. Start with clear notes, a short video, and a visit to a doctor — that usually opens the door to effective help.